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1.
Medwave ; 20(8): e8015, 2020.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1128224

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Edwards o trisomía 18 es una entidad compleja, con afectaciones en los sistemas musculoesquelético, craneofacial, cardiovascular y neurológico. Su genética es variada, presentándose tanto de manera completa como en mosaicismo. Es infrecuente que la supervivencia supere el primer año de vida. Su caracterización fenotípica no es patognomónica, por lo cual el cariotipo es fundamental para el diagnóstico prenatal por medio de amniocentesis y cordocentesis mediante técnica de hibridación fluorescente in situ. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de ocho años que ha sobrevivido con esta condición, a pesar de presentar tetralogía de Fallot acompañada de malformaciones cardíacas graves. El diagnóstico comenzó por ecografía de tamizaje prenatal a las 16 semanas y ecografía de detalle, con amniocentesis y cariotipo de líquido amniótico, con resultado 47 XX+18. Ha sido tratada por múltiples especialidades médicas, debido a complicaciones osteomusculares, articulares, neurológicas, metabólicas y cardiovasculares que han limitado su calidad de vida. El manejo de estos pacientes requiere un equipo médico multidisciplinario. La consejería a los padres debe incluir aspectos relativos a la sobrevida, complicaciones frecuentes y riesgo-beneficio a evaluar antes de someter al menor a intervenciones quirúrgicas complejas o correctivas.


Edwards syndrome or trisomy 18 is a complex entity that involves the musculoskeletal, craniofacial, cardiovascular, and neurological systems. Its genetics are varied, presenting both in a complete and mosaic type. Survival rarely exceeds the first year of life. Its phenotype characterization is not pathognomonic, so karyotype is essential for diagnosis, prenatally by amniocentesis and cordocentesis by FISH technique. We present the case of an eight-year-old girl who has survived with this condition despite presenting tetralogy of Fallot and serious cardiac malformations. Diagnosis began with prenatal screening ultrasound at 16 weeks and detailed ultrasound, with amniocentesis and amniotic fluid karyotype, with a result of 47 XX+18. She has been treated by multiple medical specialties, due to musculoskeletal, joint, neurological, metabolic, and cardiovascular complications that have limited her quality of life. The management of these patients requires a multidisciplinary medical team, and counseling for parents should include aspects related to survival, frequent complications, and risk-benefit to be evaluated before subjecting the minor to complex or corrective surgical interventions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Quality of Life , Trisomy 18 Syndrome/physiopathology , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Prenatal Diagnosis , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Trisomy 18 Syndrome/diagnosis , Trisomy 18 Syndrome/therapy , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy , Amniocentesis
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 113(6): 1062-1069, Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055061

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The improvement in surgical techniques has contributed to an increasing number of childbearing women with complex congenital heart disease (CCC). However, adequate counseling about pregnancy in this situation is uncertain, due to a wide variety of residual cardiac lesions. Objectives: To evaluate fetal and maternal outcomes in pregnant women with CCC and to analyze the predictive variables of prognosis. Methods: During 10 years we followed 435 consecutive pregnancies in patients (pts) with congenital heart disease. Among of them, we selected 42 pregnancies in 40 (mean age of 25.5 ± 4.5 years) pts with CCC, who had been advised against pregnancy. The distribution of underlying cardiac lesions were: D-Transposition of the great arteries, pulmonary atresia, tricuspid atresia, single ventricle, double-outlet ventricle and truncus arteriosus. The surgical procedures performed before gestation were: Fontan, Jatene, Rastelli, Senning, Mustard and other surgical techniques, including Blalock, Taussing, and Glenn. Eight (20,0%) pts did not have previous surgery. Nineteen 19 (47.5%) pts had hypoxemia. The clinical follow-up protocol included oxygen saturation recording, hemoglobin and hematocrit values; medication adjustment to pregnancy, anticoagulation use, when necessary, and hospitalization from 28 weeks, in severe cases. The statistical significance level considered was p < 0.05. Results: Only seventeen (40.5%) pregnancies had maternal and fetal uneventful courses. There were 13 (30.9%) maternal complications, two (4.7%) maternal deaths due to hemorrhage pos-partum and severe pre-eclampsia, both of them in women with hypoxemia. There were 7 (16.6%) stillbirths and 17 (40.5%) premature babies. Congenital heart disease was identified in two (4.1%) infants. Maternal and fetal complications were higher (p < 0.05) in women with hypoxemia. Conclusions: Pregnancy in women with CCC was associated to high maternal and offspring risks. Hypoxemia was a predictive variable of poor maternal and fetal outcomes. Women with CCC should be advised against pregnancy, even when treated in specialized care centers.


Resumo Fundamento: A contínua habilidade na conduta das cardiopatias congênitas complexas (CCC) tem permitido o alcance da idade fértil. Contudo, a heterogeneidade das lesões cardíacas na idade adulta limita a estimativa do prognóstico da gravidez. Objetivo: Estudar a evolução materno-fetal das gestantes portadoras de CCC e analisar as variáveis presumíveis de prognóstico. Método: No período de 10 anos, 435 gestantes portadoras de cardiopatias congênitas foram consecutivamente incluídas no Registro do Instituto do Coração (Registro-InCor). Dentre elas, foram selecionadas 42 gestações em 40 mulheres com CCC (24,5 ± 3,4 anos) que haviam sido desaconselhadas a engravidar. As cardiopatias de base distribuíram-se em: transposição das grandes artérias, atresia pulmonar, atresia tricúspide, ventrículo único, dupla via de saída de ventrículo direito, dupla via de entrada de ventrículo esquerdo e outras lesões estruturais. As cirurgias realizadas foram Rastelli, Fontan, Jatene, Senning, Mustard e outros procedimentos combinados, como tunelização, Blalock Taussing e Glenn. Oito pacientes (20%) não haviam sido operadas, e 19 (47,5%) apresentavam hipoxemia. O protocolo de atendimento incluiu: registro da saturação de oxigênio, hemoglobina sérica, hematócrito, ajuste das medicações, anticoagulação individualizada e hospitalização a partir de 28 semanas de gestação, em face da gravidade do quadro clínico e obstétrico. Na análise estatística, o nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. Resultado: Somente 17 gestações (40,5%) não tiveram complicações maternas nem fetais. Houve 13 problemas maternos (30,9%) e 2 mortes (4,7%) causadas por hemorragia pós-parto e pré-eclâmpsia grave, ambas em pacientes que apresentavam hipoxemia. Houve 7 perdas fetais (16,6%), 17 bebês prematuros (40,5%) e 2 recém-nascidos (4,7%) com cardiopatia congênita. As complicações materno-fetais foram significativamente maiores em pacientes que apresentavam hipoxemia (p < 0,05). Conclusão: O alcance da idade reprodutiva em pacientes com CCC é crescente; contudo, a má evolução materno-fetal desaconselha a gravidez, particularmente nas pacientes que apresentam hipoxemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/physiopathology , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/classification , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/mortality , Prognosis , Maternal Mortality , Gestational Age , Fetal Mortality , Heart Defects, Congenital/classification , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Defects, Congenital/mortality
3.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 76(6): 287-293, nov.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089146

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La detección de cardiopatías congénitas en la etapa neonatal a partir de un soplo cardiaco o cianosis no es efectiva. Las cardiopatías congénitas críticas, como el tronco arterioso común (TAC), causan la mayoría de las muertes neonatales por malformaciones congénitas. El tamizaje por oximetría de pulso en los recién nacidos detecta hasta el 70% de estas cardiopatías. El TAC presenta una alta mortalidad en el primer año de vida. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo femenino de 4 años de edad con soplo cardiaco, palpitaciones, disnea y cianosis perioral, con diagnóstico al nacimiento de soplo inocente. Se detectó TAC mediante una ecocardiografía. Las resistencias vasculares pulmonares fueron evaluadas por medio de cateterismo cardiaco derecho, con hallazgo de hipertensión arterial pulmonar y vasorreactividad pulmonar. Se realizó corrección quirúrgica. A la fecha, la hipertensión arterial pulmonar continúa presente, por lo que se implementó Bosentan® (Actelion, USA) como tratamiento a largo plazo. Conclusiones: En recién nacidos, el tamizaje por oximetría de pulso después de las 24 horas de vida es un método efectivo para el diagnóstico oportuno de cardiopatías congénitas críticas antes de los signos de colapso cardiovascular. Por ello, resulta una herramienta diagnóstica fundamental para reducir la morbimortalidad. Aunque la corrección quirúrgica de cardiopatías congénitas con hipertensión arterial pulmonar es factible en algunos pacientes, su manejo subsecuente es complejo e impacta de manera adversa en la calidad de vida.


Abstract Background: The detection of congenital heart disease in newborns, based on a heart murmur or cyanosis is not effective. Critical congenital heart diseases, such as truncus arteriosus (TA), cause most of neonatal deaths due to congenital malformations. The screening for pulse oximetry in newborns detects up to 70% of these heart diseases. TA presents high mortality in the first year of life. Case report: A 4-year-old female patient with a heart murmur, palpitations, dyspnea, and perioral cyanosis was diagnosed with an innocent heart murmur at birth. TA was detected by echocardiography. Pulmonary vascular resistances were evaluated through right cardiac catheterization, and pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary vasoreactivity were diagnosed as well. Surgical correction was performed. Currently, pulmonary arterial hypertension persists, for which Bosentan® (Actelion, USA) has been implemented as a long-term treatment. Conclusions: In newborns, the pulse oximetry screening after 24 hours of life is an effective method for suitable diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease before the signs of cardiovascular collapse. Therefore, it has become an essential diagnostic tool to reduce morbidity and mortality. Although the surgical correction of congenital heart disease with pulmonary arterial hypertension is feasible in some patients, its subsequent management is complex and has an adverse impact on the quality of life.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Heart Murmurs/diagnosis , Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/diagnosis , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent/surgery , Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent/diagnostic imaging , Oximetry , Heart Murmurs/congenital , Bosentan/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/drug therapy , Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/diagnostic imaging , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
4.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 34(3): 271-278, Jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013463

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: The goal of the present study was to compare the myocardial protection obtained with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) cardioplegic solution (Custodiol®) and with intermittent hypothermic blood solution. Methods: Two homogenous groups of 25 children with acyanotic congenital heart disease who underwent total correction with mean aortic clamping time of 60 minutes were evaluated in this randomized study. Troponin and creatine kinase-MB curves, vasoactive-inotropic score, and left ventricular function were obtained by echocardiogram in each group. The values were correlated and presented through graphs and tables after adequate statistical treatment. Results: It was observed that values of all the studied variables varied over time, but there was no difference between the groups. Conclusion: We conclude that in patients with acyanotic congenital cardiopathies submitted to total surgical correction, mean aortic clamping time around one hour, and cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate hypothermia, the HTK crystalloid cardioplegic solution offers the same myocardial protection as the cold-blood hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution analyzed, according to the variables considered in our study model.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Cardioplegic Solutions/therapeutic use , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Potassium Chloride/therapeutic use , Procaine/therapeutic use , Reference Values , Time Factors , Troponin/analysis , Echocardiography , Double-Blind Method , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Ventricular Function, Left , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Protective Agents/therapeutic use , Creatine Kinase, MB Form/analysis , Operative Time , Glucose/therapeutic use , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Mannitol/therapeutic use
7.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 37(1): 65-72, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-985130

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the physical activity level and functional capacity of children and adolescents with congenital heart disease and to describe correlations between functionality, surgical and echocardiographic findings, metabolic and inflammatory profile and differences between acyanotic and cyanotic heart defects. Methods: A cross-sectional study including children and adolescents with congenital heart disease between six and 18 years old that were evaluated with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) to assess functional capacity. The short version form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was performed to evaluate physical activity levels. Also, echocardiography and blood collection, to evaluate the metabolic (blood glucose, lipids, insulin) and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein), were assessed. Results: Twenty-five individuals were evaluated. Of them, 14 had acyanotic heart defects and 11 cyanotic heart defects. Mean age was 12.0±3.7 years, and 20 (80%) were male. IPAQ showed that six (24%) individuals were very active, eight (32%) were active, nine (36%) had irregular physical activity, and two (8%) were sedentary. The mean distance walked in the 6MWT, considering all studied individuals, was 464.7±100.4 m, which was 181.4±42.0 m less than the predicted (p=0.005). There was a positive correlation between Z score 6MWT and the number of surgical procedures (r=-0.455; p=0.022). Conclusions: Children and adolescents with congenital heart disease have low functional capacity, but they are not completely sedentary.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de atividade física e a capacidade funcional de crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatia congênita, além de descrever correlações entre funcionalidade, achados cirúrgicos e ecocardiográficos, perfil metabólico e inflamatório e diferenças entre cardiopatias congênitas acianótica e cianótica. Métodos: Estudo transversal com crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatia congênita entre seis e 18 anos de idade. Foi realizado o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos para avaliar a capacidade funcional, e aplicou-se a versão curta do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) para avaliar os níveis de atividade física. Foram feitos também: exame ecocardiográfico, coleta de sangue para avaliação de perfil metabólico e inflamatório (glicemia, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade - HDL-colesterol, lipoproteína de baixa densidade - LDL-colesterol, hemograma completo, proteína C reativa, insulina). Resultados: Foram avaliados 25 indivíduos, dos quais 14 tinham cardiopatia congênita acianótica e 11 cianótica. A média de idade foi de 12,0±3,7 anos, e 20 (80%) eram do sexo masculino. O IPAQ mostrou que seis (24%) indivíduos eram muito ativos, oito (32%) eram ativos, nove (36%) tinham atividade física irregular e dois (8%) eram sedentários. A média de distância percorrida no teste de caminhada dos 6 minutos, considerando todos os indivíduos estudados, foi de 464,7±100,4 m, sendo 181,4±42,0 m menor do que o previsto (p=0,005). Encontrou-se correlação entre o escore Z do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos e o número de procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados (r=-0,455; p=0,022). Conclusões: Crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatia congênita têm baixa capacidade funcional, mas não são completamente sedentários.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Exercise , Exercise Tolerance , Sedentary Behavior , Blood Pressure Determination/methods , Blood Pressure Determination/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Walk Test/methods , Walk Test/statistics & numerical data , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Heart Defects, Congenital/psychology , Heart Defects, Congenital/epidemiology , Heart Rate
8.
Rio de janeiro; s.n; 2019. 78 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1022977

ABSTRACT

Doenças sistêmicas como as cardiopatias, podem interferir no processo de crescimento da criança, podendo levar a uma diminuição da oxigenação dos tecidos e prejudicar o seu desenvolvimento normal. A avaliação da idade e maturação óssea de cardiopatas é de grande utilidade para o planejamento ortodôntico, principalmente para determinação do início do tratamento e emprego de recursos mecânicos ortopédicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o grau de correlação entre as idades cronológica, óssea e dentária de pacientes com e sem cardiopatia congênita. A amostra foi composta por 113 crianças e adolescentes, com idades entre 4,6 e 14,6 anos, sendo 74 portadores de cardiopatia congênita e 39 sem qualquer doença sistêmica ou local que pudesse afetar o desenvolvimento sistêmico ou o crescimento craniofacial. Todos foram atendidos no Ambulatório de Pediatria do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A idade óssea foi obtida por meio de radiografias de mão e punho, analisadas de acordo com método de Greulich e Pyle. A idade dentária foi calculadaobservando os estágios de calcificação, em radiografias panorâmicas, pelo método de Demirjian. As idades óssea e dentária foram superiores no grupo de não cardiopatas, porém sem diferença significativa, (p=0,88) e (p=0,6119), respectivamente.A idade óssea foi significativamente menor do que a cronológica, para os cardiopatas (p<0,0001). No grupo de não cardiopatas, a idade óssea foi maior, mas sem diferença significativa (p=0,3471). Em ambos os grupos, cardiopatas e não cardiopatas, a idade dentária foi significativamente maior do que a cronológica (p<0,0001).Houve diferença significativa para os dois grupos, cardiopatas e não cardiopatas, com valor maior para a idade dentária, na comparação com a idade óssea.Quanto à idade dentária, ninguém apresentou atraso, nem do grupo de cardiopatas, nem de não cardiopatas. O mesmo resultado foi observado na estratificação por sexo. Em relação à idade óssea, houve maior atraso no grupo de cardiopatas, sem diferença significativa (p=1). Essa tendência também ocorreu para os meninos e meninas cardiopatas (p=0,680) e (p=0,534), respectivamente.


Systemic diseases such as heart disease can interfere with the child's growth process, which can lead to a decrease in tissue oxygenation and impair normal development. The evaluation of the age and bone maturation of cardiac patients is of great use for orthodontic planning, mainly for determination of the beginning of the treatment and the use of orthopedic mechanical resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of correlation between the chronological, bone and dental ages of patients with and without congenital heart disease. The sample consisted of 113 children and adolescents, aged between 4.6 and 14.6 years, of whom 74 had congenital heart disease and 39 without any systemic or local disease that could affect systemic development or craniofacial growth. All were attended at the pediatric outpatient clinic of the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital of the State University of Rio de Janeiro. Bone age was obtained by hand and wrist radiographs, analyzed according to the method of Greulich and Pyle. Dental age was calculated by observing the calcification stages on panoramic radiographs by the Demirjian method. Bone and dental ages were higher in the non-cardiopathic group, but with no significant difference (p = 0.88) and (p = 0.6119), respectively. Bone age was significantly shorter than chronological age for cardiac patients (p <0.0001). In the non-cardiopathic group, bone age was higher, but without significant difference (p = 0.3471). In both groups, with and without congenital heart disease patients, dental age was significantly higher than chronological age (p <0.0001). There was a significant difference for the two groups, with and without heart disease, with a higher value for dental age compared to bone age. Regarding the dental age, no one presented delay, neither of the group of cardiac patients nor of non-cardiac patients. The same result was observed in the stratification by sex. In relation to bone age, there was a greater delay in the group of patients with heart disease, without significant difference (p = 1). This trend also occurred for the boys (p = 0.680)and girls (p = 0.534)with heart disease


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Age Determination by Skeleton , Age Determination by Teeth , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Bone Development
9.
CoDAS ; 31(2): e20180153, 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-989653

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a variação dos parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios na alimentação de bebês cardiopatas. Método Estudo transversal controlado, realizado com bebês de 0 a 6 meses de idade, de ambos os gêneros, em um hospital de referência para cirurgia cardíaca pediátrica. Foram divididos em grupo de estudo os bebês com diagnóstico médico de cardiopatia congênita, pós-cirurgia cardíaca e em grupo controle, composto de bebês sem comorbidades pré-estabelecidas como fatores de risco para disfagia. Realizada monitorização de sinais vitais e oximetria de pulso antes, durante e após a avaliação clínica da deglutição nos dois grupos. Resultados Há diferença significativa da frequência cardíaca entre os dois grupos já anterior à avaliação, porém foi observado aumento acentuado do parâmetro no grupo estudo durante a oferta de via oral. A variação da frequência respiratória foi significativa durante a oferta de seio materno no grupo estudo, que também apresentou maior queda de saturação quando comparada a do grupo controle. Conclusão Há variação de parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios durante alimentação de bebês cardiopatas.


ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the variation of cardiorespiratory parameters in the feeding of cardiopathy infants. Methods A cross-sectional, controlled study was performed on infants from 0 to 6 months of age, both genders, at a referral hospital for pediatric cardiac surgery. They were divided into a group study of infants with a medical diagnosis of congenital heart disease, post-cardiac surgery and in a control group composed of infants with no co-morbidities pre-established as risk factors for dysphagia. Vital signs monitoring and pulse oximetry were performed before, during and after clinical evaluation of swallowing in both groups. Results There was a significant difference in heart rate between the two groups prior to the evaluation, however, a marked increase was observed in the study group during the oral route. The respiratory rate variation was significant during the maternal breast offer in the study group, which also showed a greater decrease in saturation when compared to the control group. Conclusion There is variation of cardiorespiratory parameters during feeding of cardiopathy infants.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Eating/physiology , Respiratory Rate/physiology , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Heart Rate/physiology , Oximetry , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies
10.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 88(4): 298-305, oct.-dic. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124151

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se trata de un estudio de revisión de datos publicados en literatura médica relacionada con el cribado usado para la detección temprana de cardiopatías congénitas complejas en recién nacidos aparentemente sanos en diversas ciudades del mundo, incluyendo los reportados en México, desde aquellos en los que se realiza el cribado por el conocimiento de la fisiopatologìa de datos indirectos de hipoxia, observación de cianosis diferencial y la consecuente diferencia en los valores de la pulsioximetría pre y posductal derivada de la dependencia ductal y/o de comunicación interauricular de diversas cardiopatías congénitas graves, hasta aquellos estudios de investigación realizados de forma masiva y reportados como multicéntricos, justificando la utilidad de la práctica para su implementación cotidiana y obligada de forma extensa a nivel internacional. Asimismo se citan tópicos legislativos en nuestro país como parte de los esfuerzos para establecer la obligatoriedad del cribado en toda la República Mexicana.


Abstract A review is presented of data published in medical literature related to the screening used for the early detection of complex congenital heart disease in apparently healthy newborns in several cities of the world, including those reported in Mexico. The screening wasperformed due to the knowledge of the pathophysiology of indirect hypoxia data, observation of differential cyanosis and the consequent difference in the values of pre- and post-ductal pulse oximetry derived from the ductal and/or atrial septal defect dependence of several severe congenital heart diseases. Multicentre research studies have also been carried out on a massive scale, thus justifying the usefulness of the practice for its daily implementation and at international level. Additionally, legislative topics are cited in our country as part of the efforts to establish the mandatory nature of the screening throughout the Mexican Republic.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Oximetry/methods , Neonatal Screening/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Early Diagnosis , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Hypoxia/diagnosis , Mexico
11.
Rev. medica electron ; 40(4): 1083-1099, jul.-ago. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-961282

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Las malformaciones cardíacas congénitas constituyen un perfil de mortalidad que se planifica modificar de acuerdo con los objetivos, propósitos y directrices declarados por el Ministerio de Salud Pública. Para los pediatras es una preocupación el control de la morbilidad y mortalidad por esta causa, así como las acciones que contribuyen a facilitar las prioridades de salud de acuerdo a la evaluación de los resultados alcanzados en los programas y servicios implementados en relación con estas afecciones, por lo que el estudio de las cardiopatías congénitas deviene en una prioridad. Ante esta situación se decidió describir las características generales de esta afección mediante una revisión bibliográfica donde se expongan sus principales manifestaciones clínicas, factores etiológicos, clasificación, fisiopatología, aspectos demográficos, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Para ello se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los trabajos más relevantes publicados a escala nacional e internacional y con ello contribuir en el proceso de educación médica continuada que se está ejecutando en la Universidad Médica y en todo el sector salud en nuestra provincia. Adicionalmente, el trabajo pudiera facilitar la creación de planes de acción que permitan en el futuro disminuir la prevalencia de cardiopatías congénitas en la provincia (AU).


ABSTRACT Congenital cardiac malformations constitute a mortality profile that is planned to be modified in accordance with the objectives, purposes and guidelines declared by the Ministry of Public Health. For pediatricians, it is a concern to control morbidity and mortality for this cause, and actions that contribute to facilitate health priorities with the evaluation of the results achieved in the programs and services implemented in relation to these conditions, the study of congenital heart disease becomes a priority. In view of this situation, the general objective of this condition is to describe the general characteristics of this condition by means of a bibliographical review that brings together its main clinical manifestations, etiological factors, classification, pathophysiology, demographic aspects, diagnosis and treatment. This will raise the level of knowledge about these diseases to identify risk factors preconceptionally and establish action plans that will in the future reduce the prevalence of congenital heart disease in the province (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Congenital Abnormalities/classification , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Causality , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Education, Medical
12.
RELAMPA, Rev. Lat.-Am. Marcapasso Arritm ; 31(3)jul.-set. 2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-967703

ABSTRACT

O bloqueio atrioventricular total congênito ocorre em aproximadamente 1/20.000 nascidos vivos e está associado a aumento de mortalidade e morbidade fetal. O bloqueio atrioventricular total congênito pode ser secundário a processos imunológicos e não imunológicos. Os bloqueios atrioventriculares totais congênitos de etiologia imunológica estão associados à passagem transplacentária de anticorpos maternos anti-RO/SSA e anti-La/SSB. Esses anticorpos provocam lesão no sistema cardíaco de condução de fetos suscetíveis. Nesta revisão foi analisada a fisiopatologia do bloqueio atrioventricular total congênito, o papel da terapia transplacentária e as indicações de marcapasso


Congenital complete atrioventricular block is observed in approximately 1 in 20,000 live births and is associated to increased fetal mortality and morbidity. Complete atrioventricular block may be secondary to immune or non-immune processes. Immune-mediated congenital complete atrioventricular blocks are associated with the transplacental passage of anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB maternal antibodies. These antibodies damage the conduction tissue of susceptible fetuses. This report examines the pathophysiology of congenital complete atrioventricular block, the role of transplacental therapy and pacemaker indication


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Atrioventricular Block/physiopathology , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Heart Ventricles , Pacemaker, Artificial , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Echocardiography/methods , Hydrops Fetalis , Risk Factors , Placental Circulation/genetics , Electrocardiography/methods , Heart Atria
13.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 88(5): 360-368, dic. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142143

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Las cardiopatías congénitas (CC) en México se presentan con una cifra estimada entre 18,000-20,000 nuevos casos por año. La mayor parte de los centros que atienden a estos enfermos son exclusivamente pediátricos y el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) cuenta con una clínica que atiende a todas las edades. Objetivo: Analizar los aspectos demográficos de una clínica de CC del niño y del adulto del IMSS. Métodos: De 2011 a 2016 se realizó un estudio transversal de la clínica de CC de un hospital de tercer nivel del IMSS, incluyendo todos los pacientes con cardiopatía estructural confirmada de reciente diagnóstico. Se registró el sexo, la edad, la entidad federativa de referencia, el antecedente de embarazo y el tratamiento. Se dividió a la población en rangos de edades (< 2 años, 2.1-6 años, 6.1-10 años, 10.1-17 años y > 17.1 años). Se empleó estadística descriptiva y prueba de y2 en las variables cualitativas. Resultados: Tres mil cuatrocientos ochenta y tres enfermos con CC (relación hombre:mujer,0.8:1.2), las cardiopatías acianógenas de flujo pulmonar aumentado son el grupo más grande (47.2%); 25.6% fueron adultos y 35% de las mujeres con antecedente de al menos una gesta. En general la cardiopatía más frecuente fue la comunicación interauricular. La entidad federativa con mayor frecuencia de adultos de reciente diagnóstico fue Chiapas (33.82%); el 7% no fueron candidatos a ningún tratamiento por complicaciones inherentes a la cardiopatía. Conclusiones: Existe un diagnóstico tardío de la atención de las CC en la etapa adulta. Es necesario crear un registro nacional para promover nuevas políticas de salud y distribución de recursos destinados a estos pacientes.


Abstract Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) has an incidence of 8-10 cases per 1000 live births. In Mexico, there are 18,000-20,000 new cases per year. Most tertiary care centers for CHD attend only pediatric population; the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) has a clinic that attends pediatric and adult population. Objective: To analyze the demographic aspects of the CHD clinic of IMSS. Methods: From 2011 to 2016 a cross-sectional study of the CC clinic of a third level hospital of the IMSS, including all patients with confirmed structural heart disease of recent diagnosis was carried out. The sex, age, reference entity, antecedent of pregnancy and treatment were registered. The population was divided into age ranges (< 2 years, 2.1-6 years, 6.1-10 years, 10.1-17 years and > 17.1 years). Descriptive statistics and y2 test were used in qualitative variables. Results: 3,483 patients with CHD (male:female ratio, 0.8:1.2) were included. Increased pulmonary flow acyanogenic cardiopathies were the most frequent CHD group (47.2%), with atrial septal defect being the most frequent diagnosis overall; 25.6% were adults and 35% of women with a history of pregnancy. Chiapas was Federal entity with greater proportion of patients diagnosed in the adult stage (33.82%); 7% were not candidates for any treatment for complications of the disease. Conclusions: CHD is a late diagnosis; it is necessary to create a national register to promote new health policies and a rational distribution of resources for these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital , Heart Defects, Congenital/epidemiology , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/epidemiology , Incidence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Age Factors , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/diagnosis , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/physiopathology , Mexico/epidemiology
14.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 109(4): 357-367, Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-887951

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Children and adolescents with congenital heart disease often have alterations in their exercise capacity that can be evaluated by various functional testing. Objective: To evaluate the functional capacity of children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) with systematic review and meta-analyses. Methods: The review included observational studies, data from the first evaluation of randomized clinical trials or observational follow-up periods after clinical trials which evaluated functional capacity by cardiopulmonary exercise test, stress testing, six-minute walk test or step test, in children and adolescents with CHD, aged between six and 18 years, and comparisons with healthy controls in the same age group. The quantitative assessment was performed by meta-analysis, by comparing the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) of children and adolescents with CHD and respective control groups. Results: Twenty-five of 2.683 studies identified in the search met the inclusion criteria. The VO2max measurement showed that patients with CHD have a decrease of 9.31 ml/Kg/min (95% CI. -12.48 to -6.13; I2, 94.3%, P for heterogeneity < 0.001) compared with the control group. The meta-analysis of the data of maximum heart rate (HR) reached during cardiopulmonary test and stress testing, retrieved from 18 studies, showed a HR value of -15.14 bpm (95% CI. -20.97 to -9.31; I2, 94.3%, P for heterogeneity < 0.001) compared with the control group. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with CHD have lower VO2max and HR compared to controls.


Resumo Fundamento: Crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatia congênita frequentemente apresentam alterações na sua capacidade de exercício que pode ser avaliada através de vários testes funcionais. Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade funcional de crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatias congênitas (CC) através de revisão sistemática e metanálise. Métodos: A revisão incluiu estudos observacionais, dados da primeira avaliação de ensaios clínicos randomizados ou acompanhamento após ensaios clínicos que avaliaram a capacidade funcional através teste de exercício cardiopulmonar, teste ergométrico, teste de caminhada de seis minutos ou teste do degrau em crianças e adolescentes. Foram incluídos indivíduos com CC, idade entre seis e 18 anos e seus controles saudáveis. A avaliação quantitativa foi realizada por metanálise, comparando o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) entre crianças e adolescentes com CC e seus pares saudáveis. Resultados: Vinte e cinco dos 2.683 estudos identificados na pesquisa atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A medida do VO2máx mostrou que os pacientes com CC apresentaram uma diminuição de 9,31 ml/Kg/min (IC 95%: -12,48 a -6,13; I2, 94,3%, P para heterogeneidade < 0,001) em comparação ao grupo controle. A metanálise dos dados de frequência cardíaca máxima (FCM) alcançada durante o teste de exercício cardiopulmonar e teste ergométrico, avaliado por 18 estudos, mostrou um valor de -15,14 bpm (IC 95%: -20,97 a -9,31; I2; 94,3%, P para heterogeneidade < 0,001) em comparação ao grupo controle. Conclusão: Crianças e adolescentes com CC apresentam menor VO2máx e FCM em relação a controles saudáveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Exercise/physiology , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Exercise Test , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology
15.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 27(1): 39-48, jan.-mar. 2017. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-836944

ABSTRACT

A comunicação interatrial tipo ostium secundum (CIA OS) é uma cardiopatia congênita relativamente frequente, que causa repercussão hemodinâmica para o ventrículo direito, com sobrecarga volumétrica e dilatação da câmara. A maioria dos pacientes é assintomática, porém sintomas podem aparecer depois da segunda década de vida. O tratamento eletivo é usualmente realizado próximo ao quinto ano de vida, podendo ser indicado mais precocemente quando houver sintomatologia exuberante. O fechamento transcateter usando uma prótese de duplo disco é bem estabelecido como a primeira escolha de tratamento para a maioria dos pacientes de anatomia favorável. Foi comprovado que o forame oval patente (FOP) está associado à acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCI) em pacientes com poucos ou nenhum fator de risco de doença cardiovascular. Recentemente, foi demonstrado que a oclusão transcateter do FOP é superior ao tratamento clínico para prevenir recorrências de AVCI nessa população, em um estudo randomizado com acompanhamento clínico de longo prazo. Este manuscrito revisa as atuais indicações, critérios de seleção do paciente e o seguimento clínico dos pacientes com CIA OS e FOP submetidos ao tratamento transcateter


Ostium secundum atrial septal defect (OS-ASD) is a relatively frequent congenital heart defect that causes hemodynamic burden on the right ventricle with volume overload and chamber dilatation. Most patients are asymptomatic, however symptoms can appear after the second decade of life. Elective treatment is usually performed around the fifth year of life, and may be occasionally indicated earlier if there are exuberant symptoms. Transcatheter closure using a double disc device is well established as the first choice of treatment for most patients with suitable anatomy. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been shown to be associated with ischemic stroke in patients with no or limited risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It was recently demonstrated in a randomized trial with long-term follow-up that transcatheter closure of PFO is superior to medical treatment for preventing recurrences of stroke in this patient population. This manuscript reviews the current indications, patient selection criteria, and long-term follow-up in patients with OS-ASD and PFO submitted to transcatheter closure


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Foramen Ovale, Patent/therapy , Heart Atria/surgery , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/therapy , Heart Ventricles , Thoracic Surgery , Echocardiography/methods , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Heparin/administration & dosage , Aspirin/administration & dosage , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Femoral Artery , Cardiac Catheters , Heart/physiopathology
18.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 87(5): 366-372, oct. 2016. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830165

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Durante los últimos años múltiples pacientes con diagnóstico de corazón univentricular han sido tratados quirúrgicamente en nuestra institución mediante una anastomosis cavopulmonar total, de acuerdo al protocolo de corrección quirúrgica por etapas. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados postoperatorios y la sobrevida de pacientes con síndrome de hipoplasia de corazón izquierdo (SHCI) sometidos a la operación de Fontan en comparación con pacientes con otras formas de corazón univentricular. Pacientes y método: Ciento dos pacientes fueron sometidos a la operación de Fontan entre abril de 1996 y marzo de 2014, 25 con SHCI (grupo I) y 77 con otras formas de corazón univentricular (grupo II). Se analizó la sobrevida, variables demográficas, estudio hemodinámico, morbimortalidad quirúrgica, ventilación mecánica, uso de drenajes, estancia postoperatoria, score de isótropos, necesidad de marcapasos y necesidad de revertir el Fontan take down. Resultados: La mortalidad perioperatoria fue del 4% (n = 1) para el grupo I y del 7,8% (n = 6) para el grupo II (p = 0,451). La única diferencia encontrada fue la estancia hospitalaria, siendo de 17 días (6-47) para el grupo I y 12 (5-103) para el grupo II(p = 0,017). El seguimiento promedio fue de 4,24 ± 2,08 años para el grupo I y de 8,7 ± 4,67 para el grupo II. La sobrevida a 8 años para ambos grupos fue de 88% y de 81% a 10 años para el grupo II. Conclusiones: La cirugía de Fontan tuvo una mortalidad similar en pacientes con SHCI en comparación con aquellos con otras formas de corazón univentricular, mientras que el primer grupo tuvo una mayor estancia hospitalaria. La sobrevida a largo plazo fue similar para ambos grupos.


Introduction: During the last few years, numerous patients with univentricular heart disease have been treated surgically with total cavopulmonary anastomosis according to a staged surgery protocol in our institution. Objective: To evaluate the perioperative outcomes and survival of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) after the Fontan procedure and compare them with other types of univentricular heart disease. Patients and method: A total of 102 patients underwent a Fontan procedure between April 1996 and March 2014, 25 with HLHS (group I), and 77 patients with other types of univentricular heart disease (group II). Groups survival, demographics, hemodinamic studies, morbimortality, mechanical ventilation, surgical drains, post-operative stay, isotopes score, pacemaker use, and requiriment of Fontan takedown were analyzed. Results: Intraoperative mortality was 4% (n = 1) for group I, and 7.8% (n = 6) for group II (P = .451). A difference was only found in hospital length of stay (LOS), being 17 days (6-47) for group I and 12 days (5-103) for group II (P = .017). Mean follow-up was 4.24 ± 2.08 years for group I, and 8.7 ± 4.67 for group II. Survival rate at 8 years for both groups was 88%, and 81% at 10 years for group II. Conclusions: The Fontan procedure had similar mortality, but longer LOS, in patients with HLHS compared to those with another types of single ventricle anatomy. Long term survival was comparable between both groups.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome/surgery , Fontan Procedure/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Time Factors , Survival Rate , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Hospital Mortality , Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome/mortality , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Heart Defects, Congenital/mortality , Intraoperative Complications/epidemiology
19.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 62(5): 414-420, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794913

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY Introduction: To assess dietary habits, nutritional status and food frequency in children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) and congenital heart disease (CHD). Additionally, we attempted to compare body mass index (BMI) classifications according to the World Health Organization (WHO) curves and curves developed for individuals with DS. Method: Cross-sectional study including individuals with DS and CHD treated at a referral center for cardiology, aged 2 to 18 years. Weight, height, BMI, total energy and food frequency were measured. Nutritional status was assessed using BMI for age and gender, using curves for evaluation of patients with DS and those set by the WHO. Results: 68 subjects with DS and CHD were evaluated. Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) was the most common heart disease (52.9%). There were differences in BMI classification between the curves proposed for patients with DS and those proposed by the WHO. There was an association between consumption of vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion: Results showed that individuals with DS are mostly considered normal weight for age, when evaluated using specific curves for DS. Reviews on specific curves for DS would be the recommended practice for health professionals so as to avoid precipitated diagnosis of overweight and/or obesity in this population.


RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar hábitos alimentares, estado nutricional e frequência alimentar em crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down (SD) portadores de cardiopatia congênita (CC). Adicionalmente, procurou-se comparar classificações de índice de massa corpórea (IMC) de acordo com curvas da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e curvas desenvolvidas para indivíduos com SD. Método: estudo transversal com indivíduos portadores de SD e CC atendidos em um centro de referência para cardiologia, com idade entre 2 e 18 anos. Foram aferidos peso, altura, IMC, valor energético total (VET) e frequência alimentar. O estado nutricional foi analisado por meio de IMC para gênero e idade, utilizando-se curvas específicas para SD e curvas da OMS. Resultados: foram avaliados 68 indivíduos portadores de SD com CC. O defeito do septo atrioventricular (DSAV) foi a cardiopatia mais frequente (52,9%). Houve diferença de classificação do IMC entre as curvas propostas para portadores de SD e pela OMS. Houve associação entre consumo de vitamina E e ácidos graxos poli-insaturados. Conclusão: resultados mostraram que indivíduos com SD são, em sua maioria, considerados eutróficos para a idade quando avaliados pelas curvas específicas para SD. Avaliá-los de acordo com as curvas específicas para SD seria o recomendado para a prática dos profissionais da saúde, evitando-se diagnósticos precipitados de sobrepeso e/ou obesidade nessa população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Nutritional Status/physiology , Down Syndrome/physiopathology , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Growth , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Reference Values , Time Factors , Vitamin E/physiology , Body Weight/physiology , Body Mass Index , Child Development/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Age Factors , Adolescent Development/physiology , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/physiology , Feeding Behavior/physiology
20.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 14(1): 48-51, jan.-mar. 2016. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-30

ABSTRACT

Paciente de 37 anos, portador de neurofibromatose tipo 1 que se apresentou com quadro de dor torácica típica. Exceto pelo sexo masculino, não apresentava outros fatores de risco pessoais ou familiares para doença arterial coronária. Com o eletrocardiograma de repouso normal e um ecocardiograma transtorácico mostrando apenas hipertrofia ventricular esquerda de grau discreto, realizou teste de esforço que foi fortemente positivo para doença arterial coronariana. Com esse resultado e considerando a baixa faixa etária e a escassez de fatores de risco, o paciente foi encaminhado para a ecocardiografia com estresse farmacológico, que deflagrou dor torácica típica e alterações segmentares da contratilidade com baixas doses de dobutamina. Encaminhado para a cineangiocoronografia, detectou-se lesão mulitvascular grave, com indicação para tratamento cirúrgico (revascularização do miocárdio). Questiona-se, após breve revisão da literatura, eventual associação entre a presença e gravidade da doença arterial coronariana e a neurofibromatose tipo 1.


Male patient, 37 years old, affected by neurofibromatosis type 1 who presented with typical chest pain. Except for being male, he had no other risk factors, personal or family history of coronary artery disease. With normal resting electrocardiography and a transthoracic echocardiogram showing mild left ventricular hypertrophy, we performed stress test, which was strongly positive for coronary artery disease. With this result and considering the young age and lack of risk factors, the patient was referred for pharmacologic stress echocardiography, which triggered typical chest pain and electrocardiographic changes with low doses of dobutamine. The patient was referred to cineangiocoronariography, which showed mulitvascular serious injury, with an indication for surgery (myocardial revascularization). After a brief literature review, we wonder if there is a possible association between the presence and severity of coronary artery disease and neurofibromatosis type 1.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Coronary Artery Disease/etiology , Neurofibromatosis 1/complications , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology
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